Fat Recovery
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FAT RECOVERY
TUTORIAL
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| How
to recover my data from the fat... |
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| 1. Deleted
file recovery: Windows-recycle bin has been emptied |
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| 2. Files - directories - fat are lost |
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| 3. Hard disk
and fat recovery: Hard drive has been quick-formated |
| 4. A
drive volume fat is lost, e.g. due to damaged partition table |
| 5. Windows is
damaged and not bootable |
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Introduction to the FAT - File Allocation Table
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Donīt
pay over
the odds for your fat recovery software. Download our software now and
let the result speak for themselves. |
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Every disk or hard disk, that has been formatted with the FAT
system is built as follows
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The write process
The operating system writes system information like file size and first
cluster number to the directory entry, position information to the FAT,
and data itself to the data area.
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The read process
(1) System information, like file name, size and first cluster number is
determined from the directory entry.
(2) Further cluster numbers are found from the fat - file allocation table
- and read from the corresponding clusters in the data area. |
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| The file system
exists from a number of special areas of the disk set aside for
organization when the disk is formatted: the master boot record, the
partition table, the boot record, the file allocation table (from which
the FAT system takes its name), and the root directory. At a low level,
disk are organized into 512 byte groups called sectors. The FAT system
allocates space for files using a unit called a cluster, made up
of an integral number of sectors.
A boot
record is a sector which contains code that can is executed by the
computer. The master boot record is the first boot record that the
computer executes when it accesses the hard disk. Additonally a boot
record contains important information about the FAT file system, e.g.
the cluster size and the positions of the file allocation table, data
area and the root directory. |
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| The file
allocation table (FAT), located behind the boot record is a
database that associates clusters of disk space with files. It has one
entry (each 12,16 or 32 bits) for each cluster. Because the first two
entries are reserved for the file system, the third entry and those
following are assigned to clusters of disk space (data area). Fat
recovery software looks for files saved in the data area are not necessarily stored successively and
therefore the operating system has to know where a complete file is
located in the data area. That is the task of the FAT. For any cluster
that is used by a file but is not the file's last cluster, the FAT entry
contains the number of the next cluster used by the file. When a program
asks the operating system (OS) to provide the content of a file, the OS
has to read the first cluster of a file. It then looks at the
corresponding first cluster entry in the FAT and knows the next cluster
number where the file continues. Now it reads the associated cluster in
the data area. After this cluster is also totally read the OS repeats
this method until the whole file is read. This way of organizing a file
is called the FAT chain.
FAT
recovery entries may contain a few special values to indicate that |
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- the
cluster is free-that is, not in use by a file (0000H for FAT16)
- the
cluster contains one or more sectors that are physically damaged and
should not be used (FFF7H for FAT16)
- and
the cluster is the final cluster in a file (FFF8-FFFFH for FAT16),
also called End Of File (EOF)
But from
where does the OS know what files are on the disk and where to find the
first cluster of that files? That is the reason for the directory
entries which are also stored in the data area. Each directory entry
has a size of 32 byte and includes information about the file or
directory name, size, first cluster number and its attributes. |
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